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LS172 Colorimeter review
Linshang LS172
Colorimeter
If you want to find a paint colour that matches your existing paint
or verify that batches of products you are ordering have matching
colours, this device is perfect. It’s relatively inexpensive, very
accurate and quite easy to use. It even costs less than a single colour
sensor we recently looked at!
Review by Allan Linton-Smith
T
he LS172 is a hand-held colorimeter
that’s ready to use out of the box. It
is capable of accurate measurements
and allows you to easily compare the
colours of different objects. It uses
reflected light from a LED beamed
onto a sample, analysing colour and
intensity.
It is an essential tool for anyone
involved with colour measurement,
such as painters, decorators, or anyone
requiring standardisation of coloured
items. It gives you CIELAB (L*a*b*)
measurements (when translated from
French to English, CIE stands for the
International Commission on Illumination) and can also measure tiny
colour differences. Additionally, it
can convert colour values into Pantone
numbers, which printers and colour
consultants often refer to.
It costs around $250-300 depend-
ing on where you buy it; it is available from eBay, Amazon, AliExpress
and other online retailers. That might
sound expensive, but it’s cheap compared to what was available before!
For comparison, the Omron BW5C
colour sensor can be purchased from
DigiKey for around $280. And that’s
just for the sensor!
The LS172 is undoubtedly good
at matching house paint; I recently
used it to match my house colour to a
colour sample at the hardware store.
I used its memory to store my house
colour CIELAB measurements. I then
checked out similar colour sample
cards until it gave a “green” reading,
indicating that the sample was almost
identical to the house colour.
The colour it identified was “Beige
Royal”, which it indicates is similar to
Pantone 7527 C or Pantone 7434 C. It
LS172 Features & Specifications
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Background image: https://unsplash.com/photos/46juD4zY1XA
Illumination: full-spectrum LED, 45° annular illumination, 0° viewing angle
Measuring aperture: 8mm, 10° field of view
Measuring time: about one second
Colour standards supported: CIELAB, Pantone, Luv, LCh, Yxy, CMYK, RGB, Hex
Colour difference formulas: ΔE*ab, ΔE*uv, ΔE*94, ΔE*cmc(2:1 or 1:1), ΔE*00
Standard deviation for ΔE*ab: ≤ 0.03
(average of 30 white tile measurements three seconds after calibration)
Dimensions: 86×62.5×158mm, 225g
Power supply: rechargeable 3.7V 4000mAh Li-ion cell;
10,000 measurements from full charge
Display: 480×320 pixel IPS colour LCD screen
Charging port: Type-C USB
Operating conditions: 0-45°C, 0-85% relative humidity (no condensation)
Language support: English, Simplified Chinese
also tells me that Beige Royal is ‘more
white, slightly more red and slightly more blue’ than my house colour.
The device can store 1000 colour
measurements, so you can keep your
kitchen, bathrooms and other samples
for reference if you want!
The hardware store I went to has
a colour-matching system but no
CIELAB reference or Pantone numbers, meaning I would have to chip off
a bit of paint from my house to match
it. I much prefer using the LS172 to
damaging the house!
Note that smartphone photos are
not good enough to match colour accurately because of lens filtering and
light source variations, which can
easily shift the colour and intensity and result in an imperfect match.
There’s also no guarantee that a
phone camera has a wide enough
colour gamut to distinguish all colours the human eye can.
The CIELAB colour space
The L*a*b* numbers represent any
colour and its brightness with three
coordinates. The L value indicates
the brightness, with 100 being pure
white and 0 pure black.
The other two values, a & b, represent the colour’s hue and saturation,
ranging from -128 to +128. They are
the x & y coordinates on a standard
colour chart, shown in Fig.1. Note
how the centre is unsaturated (grey)
and colour saturation increases as
you move towards the circle’s circumference.
Practical Electronics | October | 2024
LS172 Colorimeter review
Therefore, the a & b coordinates
encode both the shade (hue) and
colour intensity (saturation). Adding
L (brightness) gives you everything
you need to define a colour. The entire
colour space approximates the range
of human daylight vision.
I measured the yellow lid of a
Vegemite jar, which was indicated
as L=71.6, a=7.8, b=87.4. Interestingly, using the LS172 to compare the
lid to the label, it said they did not
match and that the label was “more
white, more green and more blue”,
even though it looked identical to
my eyes!
You can find more details on L*a*b*
colours at https://w.wiki/7GRT
Using it
The LS172 is really easy to use. All
you need to do is place it on a flat
item such as a wall, door or colour
card you wish to match. You can then
store its colour as the “standard” and
compare it to various samples later,
to find a match or determine exactly how different they are. A typical
screen image during use is shown in
Screen 1.
It calculates the delta (difference)
between your standard and your
sample and tells you if you pass or
fail with a green or red background
to the delta bar. There are various
options for calculating the delta estimate; we used the standard “ΔE*ab”.
You can also change the delta threshold that determines its sensitivity to
differences.
As mentioned above, it gives you the
delta figures and human-readable text
like “more blue” or “more yellow” etc.
This can be handy since, as I wrote,
they often look identical to the eye.
If you were mixing paint, you could
use those hints to add a small amount
of extra tint to end up with a spoton mixture.
The LS172 calibrates instantly using
the little tile in its protective cover
and requires no external calibration.
It is easily recharged with a USB-C
charger and you can just put it in
your pocket or handbag (although
it’s a bit chunky to carry comfortably
in our pockets). Its built-in rechargeable Li-ion battery is claimed to be
good for 10,000 measurements with
a full charge.
It has a user-friendly 3.5-inch
(89mm) diagonal touch screen and
can quickly match the closest PanPractical Electronics | October | 2024
tone colour number with a claimed
accuracy above 90%.
One of the excellent practical features is the on-screen retention of the
saved colour; the comparison colour
is also saved in a split screen for easy
reference.
b+
How is it?
In summary, the LS172 is a cost- a−
effective tool for those involved in
colour specifications, colour analysis
and colour control. It is a versatile instrument with an excellent memory
and can quickly be set up for various analyses.
For more information, visit the manub−
facturer’s website at pemag.au/link/abpi
Finally, the Editor had a good ques- Fig.1: a ‘slice’ through the L*a*b*
tion: what if you want to match a me- colour space at around L = 50,
halfway between white and black,
tallic finish, like many automotive
giving a neutral grey shade in the
paints? I guess the answer is that it
centre. The example coordinates
would require a different type of in- shown here, a = 55 & b = 40, give a
strument; after all, no instrument can peachy colour. As this is circular,
do everything!
√a2 + b2 ≤ 128. Since the magazine
A bit of history
Early colour measurements and
colour matching were done with pretty
crude devices such as a “colour comparator”, a circular dial of various colours that you put against a sample.
When it matched by eye, you noted
the colour number on the dial. However, it rarely matched perfectly!
For liquids, we used “standardised nestle” tubes, large test tubes of
exact dimensions that we held up to
daylight to compare with a sample of
a previously standardised product.
These methods relied on subjective
evaluations and depended on the light
source and human judgement. Tungsten light can easily hide colour differences; the LS172 uses pure white
light from its LED source.
Also, not everyone has perfect
colour vision. Where I worked, an
Ishihara test was given to laboratory staff before any colour decisions
could be made. Approximately one
in 12 males and one in 200 females
are colour-blind.
You can take the test yourself at
www.colormax.org/color-blind-test/
The origin of CIELAB
Richard Hunter developed colorimeters and the L*a*b* system in
the 1950s to quantify exact colour
hues and intensities using numerical
values determined by reflected light.
Hunter’s colorimeters were first used
a+
is printed in CMYK, this figure will
not be displayed accurately. Source:
https://chromachecker.com/manuals/
en/show/chromaspot
Screen 1: the main screen during use.
You can see the measured L, a, b, C &
h values at top middle in blue, with
the reference values in black to their
left. The differences are shown to the
right and summarised in the green bar
just below the middle of the screen.
The perceptual differences are shown
on the right. C is for chroma and h is
for hue.
55
LS172 Colorimeter review
Left: a Gardener Laboratory L*a*b* Colorimeter and
power supply weighing around 20kg (owned by the
author) compared to the LS172. The LS172 is smaller and
lighter than the laboratory unit’s colour sensor head!
Below: here is the LS172 measuring the colour of a pink
sheet. The device provides multiple matches of different
Pantone colours. The LS172 also includes a “calibration
tile” as part of the bottom cap, which is shown inset. This
tile is used as a white reference during calibration.
commercially by Proctor & Gamble to
accurately standardise the colours of
their soaps. The giant company Dow
then adopted them to measure and
standardise plastics.
I was fortunate to meet Richard
many years ago and was delighted to
play around with one of his early colorimeters. Convinced that it would be
a game changer in the R&D lab where
I worked, I put in a request to get one.
I wanted to numerically standardise
tomato paste, tomato sauce and various fruit concentrates to ensure consistent quality and help select the best
raw materials.
However, the response I got was,
What is Pantone?
“$8,000 for that! Can’t you just use
your eyes?”
Most serious food labs now have such
a colorimeter. The photo above shows
my Gardener XL-800 Series display plus
XL-825 Optical Remote Sensor Colorimeter. It operates only from 110V AC,
consuming over 600W, so it requires
a huge 230V to 110V stepdown transformer. It is now obsolete and destined
for a museum; a decision I made after
testing the little LS172!
Richard Hunter told me that he sold
many instruments to forensic labs to
compare paint fragments for motor vehicle “hit and run” cases; his instruments were so sensitive that they were
Pantone is a proprietary colour-matching system developed by the company
Pantone LLC. Individual colours are named and matched to a specific printing
process (called the Pantone Matching System), with the type and quantity of ink
or pigment used cross-referenced to their name.
The importance of Pantone colours comes from the accurate reproduction
and standardisation. This means that no matter the location, a specific Pantone
colour will display and be printed exactly the same (assuming the printer follows
the standard). It’s common for logos to be specified using Pantone colour(s),
so that no matter if it’s printed on a metallic can, wooden box or piece of paper,
it will look the same.
56
able to match paint chips on victims
to the exact offending car because no
two cars are exactly the same colour!
Evidence with L*a*b* measurements
is now accepted in most courts.
Spectrometers were also used (and
still are) to display colour spectra absorbance of liquids vs wavelength in
nanometres over the visible range.
However, such measurements require
expert interpretation, and you need
a large data bank of standard colour
spectrograms for comparison.
Early colorimeters such as the Gardener were very heavy, used a lot of
power and were consequently restricted to bench work. They were also difficult to calibrate.
Editor’s note: while the spelling “colourimeter” is sometimes used (along
with “colourimetry”), it is not common.
In Australia, it mainly refers to a different type of instrument that measures
chemical concentrations by absorption
of specific light wavelengths.
Therefore, we are using the spelling
‘colorimeter’, even though it might
appear to be inconsistent with the
typical UK/Australian spelling of
similar words.
PE
Practical Electronics | October | 2024
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